What is the primary function of an aircraft’s emergency locator transmitter (ELT)?

The primary function of an aircraft’s emergency locator transmitter (ELT) is to assist search and rescue operations. When an aircraft experiences a crash or emergency landing, the ELT automatically activates and transmits a distress signal. This signal includes crucial information such as the aircraft’s location and identifies that an emergency situation has occurred.

By broadcasting on designated frequencies, the ELT ensures that search and rescue teams can locate the downed aircraft quickly and efficiently, significantly increasing the chances of survival for any individuals on board. This functionality makes ELTs an essential safety feature in aviation, fundamentally designed to assist in the efforts to locate and rescue individuals in emergency situations.

In contrast, functions like communicating with ground control or providing navigational assistance are carried out by other equipment systems. Monitoring fuel levels pertains more closely to the aircraft's operational management rather than emergency response, hence these alternatives do not align with the primary purpose of the ELT.